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Juan Pablo Duarte (January 26, 1813 – July 15, 1876) is one of the founding fathers of the Dominican Republic. He was a visionary and liberal thinker, who along with Francisco del Rosario Sánchez and Matías Ramón Mella, is widely considered to be the architect of the Dominican Republic and its independence from Haitian rule in 1844. He would help create the political-military organization La Trinitaria to fight against the Haitian occupation, achieve independence, and create a self-sufficient nation established on the liberal ideals of a democratic government. Duarte helped supervise and finance the Dominican War of Independence, paying a heavy toll which would eventually ruin him financially. His then radical views would also make him a controversial figure among fellow Dominicans of the time, and he would be exiled at various occasions after the founding of the new nation. His liberal views went against the conservative elites who sought for heavy-handed control of the nation, and wanted to maintain the traditional regionalisms of the past. Duarte had strong disagreements with Pedro Santana in particular, who he saw as a tyrannical figure directly opposed to his ideals of liberty and independence. Ultimately, he would spend his last days away from the nation he helped shape and would die in exile, this made him a political martyr in the eyes of subsequent generations. The highest mountain in the Caribbean is named Pico Duarte in his honor, as are Juan Pablo Duarte Square in New York City, and many other noteworthy landmarks, suggesting his historical importance for Dominicans. His democratic ideals, although never fully fleshed-out, have served as a guiding principle for most Dominican governments of the present day. ==Early years== Duarte was born in Santo Domingo, Captaincy General of Santo Domingo〔 during the period commonly called ''España Boba''. Duarte’s father was Juan José Duarte Rodríguez, a Peninsular from Vejer de la Frontera, Kingdom of Seville, Spain, and his mother was Manuela Díez Jiménez from El Seybo, Captaincy General of Santo Domingo; three of Duarte’s grandparents were Europeans.〕}} In 1802 Duarte and Díez migrated from Santo Domingo to Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.〔(www.colonialzone-dr.com )〕 They were evading the imposition of Haitian rule over Santo Domingo. This transformation of the island’s colonial experience became apparent the previous year, after the majority black Haitians in the French occupation army revolted and expelled and killed (it is considered a genocide) all Europeans or whites in the western side of the island. when Toussaint Louverture, governor of Saint-Domingue (now Haiti), a former colony of France located on the western third of Hispaniola,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hispaniola Article )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Dominican Republic 2014 )〕 took control of Santo Domingo, located on the island’s eastern two-thirds. At the time, France and Saint-Domingue (the western third of the island), were going through exhaustive social movements, namely, the French Revolution and the Haitian Revolution. In occupying the Spanish side of the island the European hating governor was using as a pretext the previous agreements between the governments of France and Spain in the Peace of Basel signed in 1795, which had given the Spanish area to France. Upon arrival in Santo Domingo, Louverture immediately restricted slavery, although complete abolition of slavery in Santo Domingo came in 1822, and in addition began converting the old Spanish colonial institutions into Haitian Revolutionary venues of government. Puerto Rico was still a Spanish colony, and Mayagüez, being so close to Hispaniola, just across the Mona Passage, had become a refuge for people from Santo Domingo like the Duartes and other native born on the Spanish side who did not accept Haitian rule. Most scholars assume that the Duartes' first son, Vicente Celestino, was born here at this time on the eastern side of the Mona Passage. The family returned to Santo Domingo in 1809, however, after the Spanish reconquest of Santo Domingo returned Santo Domingo to Spanish control. Source: Dominican Institute of Genealogy〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Juan Pablo Duarte」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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